Repository в Clean Architecture: всегда ли он нужен?

public sealed class RedeemBonusesHandler
{
    private readonly ILoyaltyAccountRepository _accounts;

    public RedeemBonusesHandler(ILoyaltyAccountRepository accounts) =>
        _accounts = accounts;

    public async Task Handle(RedeemBonusesCommand command)
    {
        var account = await _accounts.GetByUserId(command.UserId);

        // Агрегат бросит исключение, если бонусов не хватает
        account.Redeem(command.Points, command.OrderId);

        await _accounts.Save(account);
    }
}

public async Task<UserProfileView> Handle(Guid userId)
{
    var profile = await _profiles.GetByUserId(userId);
    var orders = await _orders.GetAllByUserId(userId);       // с позициями и историей
    var loyalty = await _loyaltyAccounts.GetByUserId(userId); // с историей операций
    var subscription = await _subscriptions.GetActiveByUserId(userId);

    return new UserProfileView
    {
        FullName = profile.FullName,
        AvatarUrl = profile.AvatarUrl,
        Phone = profile.Phone,
        OrdersCount = orders.Count,
        LastOrderAt = orders.Max(o => (DateTime?)o.CreatedAt),
        BonusBalance = loyalty.Balance,
        LoyaltyLevel = loyalty.Level.ToString(),
        SubscriptionPlan = subscription?.Plan.ToString(),
        SubscriptionExpiresAt = subscription?.ExpiresAt
    };
}

public sealed class UserProfileView
{
    public string FullName { get; init; } = "";
    public string? AvatarUrl { get; init; }
    public string Phone { get; init; } = "";
    public long OrdersCount { get; init; }
    public DateTime? LastOrderAt { get; init; }
    public int BonusBalance { get; init; }
    public string LoyaltyLevel { get; init; } = "";
    public string? SubscriptionPlan { get; init; }
    public DateTime? SubscriptionExpiresAt { get; init; }
}

public sealed class GetUserProfileQueryHandler
{
    private const string Sql = """
        SELECT p.full_name    AS FullName,
               p.avatar_url   AS AvatarUrl,
               p.phone        AS Phone,
               COALESCE(o.orders_count, 0) AS OrdersCount,
               o.last_order_at AS LastOrderAt,
               l.balance      AS BonusBalance,
               l.level        AS LoyaltyLevel,
               s.plan         AS SubscriptionPlan,
               s.expires_at   AS SubscriptionExpiresAt
        FROM profiles p
        LEFT JOIN (
            SELECT user_id, COUNT(*) AS orders_count, MAX(created_at) AS last_order_at
            FROM orders
            GROUP BY user_id
        ) o ON o.user_id = p.user_id
        LEFT JOIN loyalty_accounts l ON l.user_id = p.user_id
        LEFT JOIN subscriptions s ON s.user_id = p.user_id AND s.status = 'active'
        WHERE p.user_id = @UserId
        """;

    private readonly IDbConnection _db;

    public GetUserProfileQueryHandler(IDbConnection db) => _db = db;

    public Task<UserProfileView?> Handle(Guid userId) =>
        _db.QuerySingleOrDefaultAsync<UserProfileView>(Sql, new { UserId = userId });
}